Multiparty mediation in a changing world: the emergence and impact of parallel processes to UN peacemaking in Syria and Libya

Purpose This paper aims to study recent approaches peacemaking, particularly by Turkey and Russia, in a changing world their implications for UN-led peace processes. The authors analyze the factors that allow parallel processes UN mediation emerge discuss influence. Design/methodology/approach presents two in-depth case studies of Syria Libya, where UN, as well Russia Turkey, were actively involved peacemaking. Findings find if process does not show progress toward negotiated settlement other third parties have leverage over conflict parties. However, whether these pose fundamental challenge depends on how sustained parties’ is. If it lasts, puts difficult position either participate contain but thereby also legitimizing it, or abstain from participating risking lose control process. Research limitations/implications Analyzing different helps better understand current dynamics multiparty mediation, including an increased questioning effectiveness provides insights may adapt keep its relevance world. Originality/value is based original first-hand data gathered between 2018 2022 through more than 50 interviews with officials, negotiation team members, political civil society actors (former) state officials experts external observers.